“I am not young enough to know everything.”
Oscar Wilde, 1854 – 1900
Cover art by A. Lewis
Likeable traits were valued and proliferated such as knowledge, honor, respect, truth, loyalty and courage. In today’s day and age, the emphasis is on the individual but in ancient Celtic language groups in Western Europe the totality of the reputation of the group took precedence. These were at least in Irish and Scottish culture referred to as the ‘kin-group’ as well as the Irish túath and Scottish clann systems. The family group would have very clearly been of greater significance and importance. Túath as a word has very strong ties to Pre-Celtic and Indo-European linguistics as this same concept was known as touta in Gaulish and tud in Welsh and Breton. One person’s success or shame was that of the entire family.
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